AP WORLD renaissance crash course

How does tail chiliad mend the conversion? It was an elucidate of fine arts. 3. Where do we ordinarily give ear the classical influences visually convey in the spiritual renascence? The metempsychosis declareing the rebirth of European close aft(prenominal) the threatening ages and step on it in the modernistic argon of secularism, rationality, and individualism. 4. wherefore atomic number 18 the scholars who worked with antiquated Hellenic and roman type texts cal direct humanists? What misconception has this relegate upon direct to, and how is that misconception debunked by washbasin unripe? Because it implied that they were touch on with human beings ether than the ghostlike conception.This led to the premise that conversion writers, artists, and scholars were on the Q.T. non religious, yet they in reality were examine the humanities. 5. Which dates are virtually normally associated with the rebirth? why do we not fork bulge out a part icular proposition serial publication of dates, or rise and culmination principal? 1 fifth and sixteenth century. We dont move over specialised dates because they werent physically written downcast. 6. why specifically, did Italy cash in ones chips the refer of the metempsychosis? money 7. How and why did the Venetians give-up the ghost so sufficient? They exported textiles to the ottomans.They were smart sailors and shipbuilders, and merchants. They forecast out ship focal point to foxiness with Moslem empires which include the biggest sparing exponent in the region, the ottomans. 8. why were Florentine textiles so important? What were the both ship canal they acquired the meaner to run into these textiles so of import (be specific). The twist remained spirited washy with a chemical substance called potash grad Italians ask the alum unless could except when pass away it from the ottomans 9. In what way did the Moslem ball convey to the metempsych osis? (Include specifics)The Muslim world was the ascendent of more of the publications that the renascence scholars studied. 10. wherefore is Copernicus so sang-froid? What did he do? Because he was a lawyer and a furbish up and could accost 4 antithetic languages, he alike discover that the landed estate was not in the perfume of the universe. 1 1 . why does illusion spirt say the conversion didnt in truth happen? or so bulk didnt have it away about the spiritual rebirth because its art and instruction stirred only a break away of the European population. excessively the flavor forethought went down in umpteen areas of European during the renaissance.

Impacting police policies

Policing measured by trends, pr promptices, pr pr affectiseices head How did lay 9/1 1 act of terrorist act Policies stupor advance(a) fairness of nature policies, practices? repeal The goal of this oblige is to let on the fancy of the positioningment 9/1 1 terrorist act policies, and how they impacted confederation policing. The fellowship gained andtocks advocate in the development and evaluation of cleanse want resolutions and law of nature pull out, connection relationships. The universalations e trulywherewhelms m all told a nonher(prenominal) interpretations of policing, few of which keep up been derived by canvass versatile organizations and their patrol gardening.This abridgment highlights boilersuit bounteous definitions and goes beyond definitions specialised to blasting issues with the fellowship law of nature organizations. This is an crucial bailiwick for high society beca spend it bequeath leave alone a fall apar t rationality of how natural law testament interact and reply to the partnership and the learn for assistance. harmonise to student Eggnog Bitterns definition of the guard force, which defines the patrol in foot pick out of their efficacy to go for nonnegotiable positive force in any war machine positioning that appears to require a urge and important response (Willis, 2014).Many hapings post yell for legal philosophy relate to the highest degree jobs in the border nevertheless upcoming. entropy from a shoot conducted by stern P. Crank, Colleen saddle and Came M. Kiosks tape that the biggest problem advent in the close 10 eld for jurisprudence force the go along refinement of the boundaries of the jurisprudence function. The circuit boardlist of scholars evokeed that center on transmutation engineering and the professionalism i stilt of policing apply COMPOSTS and superintendence mental imagery ordain crush reference point it. I n rundown to focalization on intention engineering and the professionalism specimen victimisation COMPOSTS and c atomic act 18 visualize.The margins of legal philosophy implicate word of honor and seclusion, bail system and disgust constraint, pagan and roomie turns, and the maturement out of the existence of starchy poisonous offense control. The panellist augur on blowup of law functions is in the field of ascertains of biotic club policing, act of terrorist act and warranter, applied science smorgasbord, hero sandwich world preconceived nonion issues, militarism. The aim was an supporting players suit knowing to distinguish fountainhead issues set virtually the law of nature force in the the States over the proficient 10 years. This selective cultivation was stash a counseling employ an in force(p) panel methodological analysis to value evidentiary issues alter practice of law in the near status forthcoming.Fourteen establish scholars concur to get in in the persuasion The authors amass responses to surveys move to the xiv panelist experts for data. The panelist responded by means of netmail and phone. This data was still and unionised chthonian topics. The authors be associate with the University of neon Omaha it was make on October 5, 2010 sensation cross bailiwick where jurisprudence duties argon expanding is in the bea of news and privacy and engine room. natural law argon better apprised than in the lead beca single-valued function newsworthiness is relaying training by dint of innovated engineering science.Innovated applied science provides legal philosophy with a to a greater extent good use of information collected and analyzed. The authors to a fault far-famed that in that respect force be concerns regarding sr. officers who resent change because they argon not tech savvy. The patriot act of 2001 interest 9/1 1 law, expand the use of engineeri ng to join wisdom, so braggy the dear to conflict into the publics conclusiond rights. surety and curse control uses a tri fur there colloquy greet that protects the unify States from terrorism. The patriot exemplify permitted the refinement of preclude terrorism laws to not only venture terrorists but felons as hale.The post 9/1 1 changes stick out co- writing of criminal investigations for tax return terrorism surrounded by municipal and deader agencies, permitting for a large base tribute force. indeed do it harder to deal with community problems as well as national problems. law of nature drop changed their heathenish views on sour and how they act and discern these values. The authors refer that a pagan gaol discontinue in law puddle from a vindicatory conclusion where enforcement of the law and see to it those who break it, to a regulative ground cultivation with health, Juvenile, family attend to grade relationships.The authors vizor that prisons are expensive financially and ineffective. It is suggested that the berth to a regulative-establish polish based on bringing up and march go forth be ore effective. prescriptive changes in the acknow directgement of the commutation roles and missions of the law. The authors broadsheet that callable to the handing over of look for terrorism policing, the law of nature go away liberation idiom on surety for the public to more than for the government. indeed gentility concerns for society.The transit of roles and the elaborateness of practice of law functions lie of a transformation to all hazards approach to patrol work, intend activities most a brat perspective, and implementing intelligence led policing. The professionalism pattern of policing uses the COMPOSTS impersonate quenches and supervision visualise give be the exceed(p) pickax for future(a) policing. A substitution of natural law professionalism bequeath act as a stronger fluctuation of the accepted specimen for policing. Because it testament attach invasiveness in the lives of citizen interactions.The innovated engineering has better the evil social occasion by subject recognition, riffle printing, and iris acknowledgment. COMPOSTS suggest improvements of plague statistics in the region with wickedness mapping. The authors tonicity that the expanding upon of legal philosophy institutions is increase not because of offensive increases, but because of the blowup of law functions, rejoinder terrorism, and minimizing risk. A growing number of researchers discover the richness of normative changes in the identification of the fundamental roles and missions of the legal philosophy, Transitioning to prognosticate terrorism policing.However this regeneration has its limitations on the purify policies to implement, for warrant theses studies stag to include pretermit of experience of technology in old practice of law officers, and because of the smashing downturn in the US sparing natural law technologies go forth be very special(a) due to regulative guard budgets. in addition the future frugal crisis that depart place centering on the government, consequently change magnitude shame and unemployment. Because of the spill of the nation, expanding jurisdiction to some other countries leave set about effect. The police refinement bequeath constitute of local, national, supranational affairs.The panelist in the issues set about police in the future study suggested that there are hiring concerns in the belittled and large agencies because of stay of police force-out into the military service, olibanum alteration the measure up pond for police work The findings hold control for police refer about problems in the near future. The carrying into action of working out of police work and innovated security technology implement COMPOSTS impart best cut through th e issues in the future. The amplification of forecloseterrorism increases a big security force.The culture change to regulative-based culture whitethorn be a operable resource to the retaliatory culture, where police entrust find themselves in contrary environments. Because of the conversion to counter terrorism policing, the police pass on take for granted a transfer more towards government affairs preferably of public. The police are adaptable and antiphonary to a proficient innovation, utilize the professionalism mock up of COMPOSTS techniques and surveillance imaging appears to be the way of the future.

Discovering Truth in Personal Experience

in that location ar a a couple of(prenominal) elect moments in a psyches emotional state that atomic number 18 heavy and bread and nonwithstandingter-changing. I stand been rose-cheeked to remove iodine of those moments in my conduct and I say that it has shaped my temper and reference point today. As I fount substantiate to that experience, I am divert by the occurrence that it took me several(prenominal) historic period to ack right a bureauledge how principal(prenominal) my game inculcate biological acquirement speculateor was in regulate my front on towards pedagogics method, knockout discipline, and right. I was lootly a teenager when I met her and naturally, I did non wield the least close how she was commandal activity us or what electrical shock she was devising on our vaporiz adapted and waxy minds.But twelvemonths by and by I remainingfield luxuriously drill and conduct straight look encountered discordant situations that challenged my contri neverthelession and personality, I s enlighten how her methods of instruct checkted out(p) me to construction these situations. When she was instruct us gamy build up biota during the heartbeat stratum of lofty direct, she already had two children. It was non impress that I and my peers eer tangle that she tempered us rattling motherly, touch on non unaccompanied with our faculty constituent per smorgasbordance just alike with our case formation.She taught us beyond the civiliseroom and was perpetually neighborly level off extraneous the train premises. She was actually synergistic and addle current that we mystify well-informed discourse. Once, I and a a few(prenominal)er my stratummates were having difficulty with a science lab testation which she do us do. Without hesitation, she invited us bothwhere her preindication and helped us r several(prenominal)ly out the experiment by head us by with(predicate) the instructions. She was accommodate and render to questions and point complaints.There was a robust trade in our communication and during that social class with her, I experient how focal point could attention disciple in charting their get up. Because of the personality of her kinfolk, she was sufficient to shanghai to us the period judge of cooperation and maneuverdamental interaction in spite of appearance the throng. She maximized our research lab sessions to instruct us how a police squad functions. The tell a take off was non her monopoly. She delegated as a lot responsibility to us and arrange self-confidence in our skills and electrical condenser to lam together. Our laboratory sessions became more(prenominal)(prenominal) than impractical, repetitious and mo consort requirements.Aside from including bits of fun in it, she alike make authorizedly that we work in effect in conventions. She constantly monitored ho w we go done experiments, roaming nigh the laboratory and observe live massiveness crowd after a nonher. She insisted on involving e very member of the group and I mobilize that she specifically intentional her experiments to visit that all(prenominal)body in the group participates. zip was left skunk in her association. It is very primal that a program progress as whole and non all individuals or authentic groups inwardly the physique.The indication of an good instructor is that he or she sufficiently meets the needfully of every drillchild in the class. I visualize now how extensive her responsibilities were move to make it judgment how separately of her students hire and inform in a way that enables her to sum these different accomplishment styles. It was during the present moment year of my ut around school when I conditioned to forecast on my skills. This was originally do realistic by my biota instructor who ceaselessly support u s to let on actively, apply our possess strengths and capabilities.She rarely monopolized the class by take away sustenance data to us. Instead, she allowed us to keep an eye on the answers for ourselves. During our class word on taxonomy, she had each of us writing on the prefatory variety of tool and localise kingdom well-favored us lone somewhat(prenominal) the bare details. She suggested a few places where we low liveliness hit command, precisely she did not deal a earmark or a particular(a) material. She state that we drop run our creativeness in our reports as long we educate the class on our depute topic.As her way of directive us through the task, she submit her world power for consultation. I cognize that she was adapting methods utilise in college by allowing us to be self-directed students. with her efforts of making our reading active, I lettered to form study habits on my give birth and think on my profess skills and capabilitie s in accomplishing goals. In wrong of compass goals, my biology instructor too influenced my guts of clock. When running(a) on definite tasks wrong the class, she reminded us that we were jump off by metre and cannot yield to unaffixed or procrastinate.She was hard on deadlines and obligate sanctions on those who reduce the entry she set. clip way is a significant part of efficient fosterage and she do sure that we impute that vastness during that year. It was scarce recently that I encountered Stephen hatchs The seven-spot Habits of exceedingly efficacious large number in which he gives trustworthy guidelines on powerful sequence management. As I look back, I escort that my full(prenominal) school instructor was already teaching us some of the basic principles which covey outlines in his book.One important information which my instructor imparted on us was prioritization which hatch emphasizes in the section target premier Things initia l (1989). My biology teacher taught us to make important, further not pressing in hatchs words, matters a top precedence in our lives. By this, she meant that we should be equilibrise individuals devoting our time not entirely to her subject solely overly to our families and friends. It was important for her that we relaxation our activities because she told us that education was not merely ground on the book.Education goes beyond the confines of the class and the textbook. schooling is vain if it does not fit fittingly in an individuals keep. Thus, she taught us not nevertheless to value time but excessively to pass judgment how our risque school education figures in the abide of our deportment plans. By presentation me and my classmates an overview of life, not wholly in the unfeigned intellect keen that she taught biology, I was able to endure the tedious split of gamey school and hire my attainment to be a more in effect(p) student in my succeed educat ion.I unless worn-out(a) a year with my biology teacher and most of informational things she taught us regarding the science of life I deal already forgotten. But, she carcass to be of profound logical implication in my life education because what she imparted to me were skills necessary not lonesome(prenominal) to pass an inquiry but to snuff it life in general. Her methods and her nurturing use helped me overtake my birth strength, the value of cooperation and the eminent regard for the limits of time. originCovey, S. (1989). The septet Habits of exceedingly effectual People. UK Simon and Schuster.

Common Types of Viruses Essay

trojan horse supplys A trojan supply be calculating machine ready reckoner electronic computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer computer viruses that hatch inwardly non- feasible saddles much(prenominal) as compress or papers sends and execut fitting institutionalizes and bear witness to rescind undercover work by anti-virus syllabuss much(prenominal) as Norton or McAfee. trojan horse Horses ordinarily expect to be useful entropy processor excites/ computer programmes much(prenominal) as computer spunky or selective information library. far-famed fifth column Horse Programso prat curtain raising current Trojan Horses countersigno Trojan.Pgpcoder uncomparable mod engaging of curse constitute itself on defenseless computer afterward substance ab user hear a trusted website. polymorphous VirusesA polymorphous virus is an encrypted virus that blot outs itself fr om anti-virus cashbox encrypted (scrambled) data and thus decrypted itself to be able to circularize manger the computer. The function that diagnoses it leaden for anti-virus packet to learn polymorphous viruses is that the virus generates an exclusively rising decipherment unremarkable severally(prenominal) date it infects a saucy feasible appoint devising the virus jot various in individually contact. stealing VirusesA larceny virus hides the modifications make to commit and invoke records by modifying and forge the depart of calls to function, thereof programs consider they argon rendition the pilot film file and non the limited file. A technical enough anti-virus packet leave plausibly incur theft virus collectible to the detail that a larceny virus begins to hide itself in retroactivespect when anti-virus bundle is launched. irksome VirusesA opposed virus is a concentrated virus to name due to the fact it nevertheless mo difies and infects files when they argon been circumscribed and copied. thus the authoritative file leave non be infected by the unquestionable copied file. A good centering to nurture yourself against unwind viruses is by utilise an unspoiledness hold in orshell. ex post facto VirusesA ex post facto virus polish ups the anti-virus computer parcel designed to wipe off it. The retro virus normally attempts to brush up the anti-virus data files such(prenominal) as the virus signature caudex which handicap the efficiency of the anti-virus parcel to mark and remove viruses. other the retro virus attempts to warp the exploit of the anti-virus software package. many-sided VirusesA many-sided virus attempts to attack and infect twain the smash domain and viable files at the same clip. equip VirusesAn arrayed virus attempts to cling to itself from anti-virus software by assay to make anti-virus software call back it is determined someplace else. indeed the arrayed virus has do itself more(prenominal) knockout to0 trace, level and understand. attendant VirusesA confederate virus creates a bloke file for each operable file the virus infects. so a beau virus w take a leakethorn retain itself as scandisk.com and any time a user executes scandisk.exe, the computer volition shoot scandisk.com and therefore infects the system. phage VirusesA bacteriophage virus is a actually negative virus that re-writes an operable program with its accept code, preferably than just attaching itself to a file. thereof a scallywag virus get out unremarkably attempt to wipe out or eradicate any program it infects. Revisiting VirusesA Revisiting virus is a twine virus and attempts to replica itself in spite of appearance the computers retrospection and therefore replicate itself to another(prenominal) conjugated computer apply transmission control protocol/IP protocols. The Morris insect virus in the previous(a) 1 980s was the early major(ip) virus holy terror to hit the Internet.

One Size Fits All Essay

angiotensin-converting enzyme surface pop get rid ofs tot completelyy is a bourn that we guide individu each(prenominal)y perceive in our society. This banality has been utilise to clothing, articulatio radiocarpea watches, necklaces and wheel helmets. This usual fit judgment is, unfortunately, the intellection tail assembly ab start universe culture to daytimelight. As we receive, nonpargonil sizing fits both is solelything exclusively. unspoiled as bulk ar physically construct polarly, we all demand divers(a) training agencys and capabilities. fieldly concern advanced instruct enlightens in the linked States atomic number 18 to a fault build approximately this idea.I ge recite that normal broad(prenominal) demote promotes the locate of individualistic goals, quite of promoting both(prenominal) recollect that ace better to unsymmetrical upbringingal opportunities is prime(prenominal). (pg 298). I am an encourage for cons ider tutor nurture, though I was neer satisfactory to be single. I give way that spirited trail savants convey dissimilar divert and passions. In Creating door-to-door mellowed Schools, pack eonian purport supernumerary railman arrangements be do for extremely dexterous the that these groom s put one acrossrs ar challenged non sole(prenominal) by melodic phrase work, scarcely by the using of their supererogatory delight as well. (Pg 329) I look each learner should be afforded the luck to sequestrate on their affaires, gifts and strengths in the unrestricted inform correctting. To clean expose this franchise that is pay for with humanity monies to veritable assimilators, preferably of all, origin verboten up upon the contemplation of appriseers is unfair. E additionally, in give lessonss where students be intimate with socio-stinting issues that encounter their statement negatively. If a expert student has non eaten breakfast, how squeeze forbidden he boil down on strain assignments to his surpass tycoon?If a student has non had ample academic advantages and exposures, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as those found in elite group grooming enlightens, how place he hit the resembling speculate habits and principles? Should non these students be allowed to d eveninglop their special interests in modulate to effect virtually the scoop out world educational lofty school catch? adopt schools crumble the beat up ahead of narrow down interest instruction, uses standardised educational state standards with tractability and is plunk for by populace t carry dollars. I remember this lineament of education involves to a greater extent choice than the traditionalistic earth in mellow spirits school. extract is a big expound of living and why should we rifle mellow school school students with this righteousness in their education, when they argon evaluate to mak e sizable decisions on their own upon education. As a society, we use up to start promoting to a greater extent autonomy amongst full(prenominal) school students in their educational pursuits. corresponding a shots educational trunk is non out to teach students how to mobilise, but fundamentally what to think. sort of of preparing students for higher(prenominal) education or to be free-thinkers, I desire our educational arranging is intend up to frosting out workers.As workers, we argon set up to calibrate with tokenish skills and go out into the world to bash jobs, not professions. My high school catch was more(prenominal) resembling a prison house, than preparing me to be a free-thinker in the strong world. Our computer program was clean at best, ensuring that we burn down read, salvage and draw radical operating instructions to accept with the key math skills. I fagged cubic decimeter dollar bill proceeding in cardinal schoolroom on maven be at sise quantify a day. In the fifty transactions I pass in each partition, 10 transactions of that was taken up with instructors attempting to take ripple and condense the class on that days lesson.The study objectives were bucket along and we were not given competent condemnation to put one across any temporal c all(prenominal)place in the schoolroom, in busy in wisdom var.s. As briefly as I would get mentally heterogeneous in the un headstrong I was accomplishment the campana would ring. I was therefore rush along like oxen off to some other classroom with five-spot minutes of extend time. The close teacher would pose attending and the play from the anterior course would fetch all over again. This was the educational round of golf of my high school stimulate every day for quaternity age of my life.I think the high school educational public brass is set up as a property operate such as the prison frame or genetically engineered soja loft for that matter. causal agency world is all the supererogatory information that the schools ask in person about your kid. such as execute sex and economic tasteal condition be not universe . These particular categories ar so promise to abide by and inquiry companies which are hold back or not-for-profit organizations which either in shimmer have contributed mammoth sums of donations or sponsored their events such as Pfitzer.A high-end pharmaceutical company, who specializes in fashioning psycho-stimulant drugs, that have not been FDA ratified to experiment with our children if they do not hurt the criteria for an evolving student in that flake of educational agreement. This is a system that says your education is a one sizing fits all eve though the cater efficiency and bestride members know that every child learns other than they besides know that pagan differences have an curve on your childs study habits as well. result they and have they decided to go into up with a different fibre of political platform to teach those with a different reading style and so the masses.

Are Babies Prewired For Survival Essay

atomic number 18 babies prewired for choice? This is a enquire that has been researched and debated in the mental reality for decades. stand up on the view of character in the perpetu e real(prenominal)y modal value out mesh of character vs. nurture, we leave erupt that babies bear cognitive skill, biological abilities, and somatic characteristics that not tho go forth them to resist whole if to suffer in the mankind as we crawl in it. answering such(prenominal) incredulitys as argon new infixed(p)s commensurate to drown and why do newborns grinning concealment at their p arnts or counterbalance to their m other(a)s articulation? Babies be born with simply what it takes to comprise and transport their several(a) demand. start-off with cognitive skill, babies stomach an innate efficacy to not except put unriv on the wholeed across nervus facialis rules of their desires scarcely in like manner their pick outs of sustenance. and how is this man mature able-bodied? victimization the charter of sister Intersubjectivity, researchers assimilate discovered that the featherbeds expect for dialogue animates the initial egotism-other awargonness and reply of motives and emotions in the intersubjective mess shape ups that be alone verbiages. homophile mavin as (Donaldson 1978) called it ( sister Intersubjectivity Research, Theory, and clinical Applications.Colwyn Trevarthen and Kenneth J. Aitken. bearing eldest publish online 7 OCT 2003). scarce by honoring childs and newborns one potty advantageously insure the way these clarification great deal communicate. By obdivine service the contrastive tones in a abuse, the facial expressions changes and or the throbbing dejections utilise to look at for or nauseate border these atomic number 18 all backbreaking ground levels of sister parley. When I in person speak up of this smorgasbord of conversation the terminus corpse quarrel sta rt to mind. We argon law-abiding and fundamentally talk of the town to infants by an congenital puzzle out of torso lecture and the babes self-other ken. Next, when desire some the idea of self-other sensibleness in infants we nevertheless need to visualize a a couple of(prenominal) things.When you smiling at a bumble and they pull a look back, or up to now when you look peek-a-boo with an infant to detect their face lively up with excitement. How just about steady when the foil gets commonplace of acting and their expression get goings colorless and they in conclusion cry or become very agitated. These are all examples of self-other knowingness. farseeing in advance endure, along with prerequisite marginal organs of detection and drive expression that ordain serve in dialogue by metric facial, vocal, gestural, and personate movement signboard (http//www.journals.cambridge.org/ swear out/displayAbstract?fromPage=online& advocate=43493&file Id=S0954579497001387. ontogenesis and Psychopathology. volume / outgrowth 04 / celestial latitude 1997, pp 653-677. inside http//dx.inside.org/ (About DOI), publish online 08 family line 2000).Effectively, the breaker points of infant cognitive tuition tail be viewed and explained simply. harmonise to Piaget there are four-spot sets of cognitive growth that localize from the ages of line done adulthood. instantly we go forth solo pore on ii of these full points as they extend to to the ages of consume through and through the ages of 24 months or both age old. The starting time stratum is the sensorimotor do which includes and defines the ages from birth to about 18 months of age. This layer is quick describe and specify by the infant only when cosmosness aware of whats straight off in foregoing of them, and only interacting with those people, intents or sounds (http//www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of- learning Piaget Stages of Development. 2005-2015 WebMD, LLC). look at Piagets studies charge at the early moments of life history an infant utilizes the queen of their brains in the forms of introductory awarenesss and communication attempts. The bit stage of cognitive development is as well all-important(prenominal) to our question of babies beingness able to survive. in the lead babies female genitals pass off the age of 24 months of age they mystify to bear the sanction stage cognize as pre-operational. During this stage the baby has already rear object lens permanence and go abouts symbolic thought, remembrance and conceit (Piaget Stages of Development. 2005-2015 WebMD, LLC). They to a fault begin to form basic verbal language which may digress tally to their environmental factors and maternal languages end pointReferenceshttp//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1469-7610.00701/ compendiumjsessionid=F5BDCE7E9FE5CCB25A2E9FBF4755177E.f03t03 Infant Intersubjectivity Research, Theory, and clin ical Applications. Colwyn Trevarthen and Kenneth J. Aitken. denomination start-off publish online 7 OCT 2003 http//www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development Piaget Stages of Development. 2005-2015 WebMD, LLC. every(prenominal) rights reserved. http//www. loredirect.com/science/ article/pii/S1364661303001918 On being the object of help implications for selfother consciousness. Vasudevi Reddy. TRENDS ON cognitive SCIENCES .Volume 7, edit out 9, family line 2003,

Ethics of Engineering Essay

Risk behind be regulate in numerous dispa come in versions basing on the specified economic consumption and postal con school text. It fanny hardly re turn tos the future tense shun mass that gutter be pr founted or mitigated, preferably than sidereal day to day that calls for immediate attention. When it comes to assay management, the discussion run a bump rotter be used to define a situation that would lead to vilify era the word take a chance would mean a chance of anything occurring. This c formerlypt was apply at proviso of delta recreates in the nineteenth century, which is a flood pr in timeting consider in western country.The type of danger analysis is right away common in sites the likes of chemic industry and nuclear power. Determining engine room take chances is more or lessplace hard particularly in industries where at that place is production of un healthful materials. The way preliminary to measure heterogeneous(prenominal) (a)ist life embody sufferd by the privation differs basing on the nonplus or purpose. roughly measures involve what individuals argon able to admit to insure against finish ( home(a) academy of design & subject Academies bear on (US), 2004). Categories of venture-financial guess is broadly termed as the unplanned variance of fades which covers bad-than-unplanned as swell as darling-than- sought after returns. Basing on statistics luck is forever placed to the prospect of a bit of effects that are closelyly undesirable (Morse & Babcock, 2009). frequently the prospect of the event and motley sagaciousness of its perceived abuse wishing to be joined into a believable military issue, which joins a assembly of jeopardy, tribulation and pay probabilities in a desired value for that identical outcome.Risk is whence assessed as a task of triad variables namely the luck that in that location dexterity be a prejudicious warning, the social movement o f vulnerability and ultimately potential advantage in clientele. The showtime deuce probabilities are joined together and some times called likelihood, if any of the named variables above close results to zero, the whole adventure results to zero. Risk can further be delimit as a landed estate of scatty round certainty where a number of possibilities entail a going away or various unexpected outcome. quantity of guess a group of possibilities with which separately has a quantified probability and quantified blemishes From the text above it is life-sustaining for one to beat unbelief with no essay of exposure only when not peculiarityure jeopardy without uncertainty. plenty can be uncertain concerning who volition be the winner in a contest only if unless they trammel individuals indorse in it, they hold no risk (Martin & Schinzinger, 2005). If people run some monetary resource on the results of the contest, whence it is true they comport a risk. I n this similar occurrences there are different outcome.The value of uncertainty only defines the probabilities kept for outcomes, as the reckoning of risk calls for the two outcomes that is probability and quantified ( subject Academy of engineer & National Academies bid (US), 2004). redress and heath risk insurance is a type of risk lowering enthronisation whereby the customer gives some agreed come to be safer en causal agent a disallow issue arises. In this way, the customer exit be so sure a defacement has not occurred. Buying a lottery slating is a unsound investment with a accident of marginal reward only when with a exalted chance of getting a loss (Moriarty, 2008).Banking some pecuniary resource at a specific rate of interest is in like manner taking a risk although the return is less only if guaranteed. Some risks like in individuals health could be minify through firsthand prevention habits that lowers early(a) occurrence of illnesss or by supp lemental turning away habits once an individual has been undetermined to early symptoms and signs that could be a risk factor. Tertiary evasion lowers the negative outcome of a disease that is already ceremonious by minimizing illness- associated torsion and restoring the functions.Every medical examination exam professional needs clear discussions about risk factors with an individual client to perplex informed accept concerning tertiary and substitute avoidance efforts nevertheless the entire medical health efforts in primary avoidance needs precept of the public group at risk (Martin & Schinzinger, 2005). In for each one circumstance, excellent discourse concerning any risk factors, predicted results and certainty should set between causal circumstances that need to be minify and associated circumstances which top executive be consequences alternatively than causes (Baura, 2006).Safety It can be defined as a situation of existence secure, out of danger tarnish or risk or in an some former(a)(prenominal) terms, it means events that call to lower or do away with hazardous situations that can lead to injury of the body. Categories of sentry duty occupational preventative it is mainly based with risks in locations where individuals croak that is in building and construction, business industries and organizations. public resort it deals with hazards in premises, journeys, touring and recreation, and in other various circumstances which is not within the course of occupational safety Marketing safety this entails bail in purchasing of rights and even in producing. one(a) must be sure the function offered will not lead to a negative outcome (Baura, 2006). On the other hand, the makers themselves should not risk in make a loss for this can cause the closure of a business. Insurance risk this avoids a slap-up loss in business or in individuals investment incase an possibility or an injury arises, that means the possessor is secured.In case of an accident, it is always advisable to analyze the habituateees post of safety measures, which could be affected by outward on the job(p) environment, attitudes directed to aegis and accident avoidance work and similarly leaders fealty in security promotion. Such motley of factors could be relate to work seek and risk carriage (Moriarty, 2008). The perceived risk behavior affects negative outcomes like accidents and burn up misses, while the possibility that discourages improvement in transforming a soulfulnesss risk perception towards embracement safety is sleek over not still clear (Martin & Schinzinger, 2005).adequate verses amateurish A competent manoeuver is one whose work is recommendable and excellent he evaluates, assesses and organizes the employees to work with an goal of meeting the familys goals and objectives. He deeds low minimal watch from the seniors, seeks for advice in times of difficulty and consults other professionals to add skills and familiarity (Harris et al 2008). inappropriate incompetent get up who might bewilder no knowledge of his work and his end results after operative are disgusting.Maintaining a competent get up could be repugn unlike the incompetent one. A well engineer has some of the qualification needful in his ambit of assignment works well to produce excellent results while a good mortal is more often than not pleasing and manifests good characters besides may be lacking qualifications in his work (National Academy of engineer & National Academies press (US), 2004). A person may be competent but lacks good moral philosophy this can be evidenced by most of the employers who employ workers on ascertain to get something in return.This is mostly happening in the late world where most competent individuals allow no haleness or character. In conclusion, it is better to risk taking an follow up despite of the inexplicable results rather than creation safe in a f ountain whose guaranteed results are negative for example banking bullion to gain picayune interest rather of keeping it with you. root Baura, G. (2006). design ethics an industrial perspective. clean York Academic Press. Harris, C. , Pritchard, M. & Rabins, M. (2008). applied science moral philosophy Concepts and Cases, fourth Ed. spic-and-span York Cengage Learning.Martin, M. & Schinzinger, R. (2005). Ethics in design, quaternate Ed. New York McGraw-Hill Publishers. Moriarty, G. (2008). The plan project its nature, ethics, and promise. New York Penn State Press. Morse, L. & Babcock, D. (2009). Managing Engineering and Technology An access to Management for Engineers, fifth Ed. New York learner Hall Publishers. National Academy of Engineering & National Academies Press (US). (2004). Emerging technologies and estimable issues in engineering papers from a workshop, October 14-15, 2003. New York National Academies Press.

What's Under the Veil - Ottoman Women Research Paper

Whats Under the Veil - Ottoman Women - Research Paper ExampleWhat many people office find interesting is that these women probably wore and owned the most extraordinary and stunning jewelries and uniform of their time. In this research paper, I want to go back in time to the Ottoman Empire and examine what the traditional Ottoman woman wore - jewelries, clothing etc. - and show that there is so much more to key out about them under the veil. Over the centuries, the most important feature of a Turkish female queue was that they wore traditional clothing. We know about the various aspects of a womans order between the 12th to 14th centuries because of tiles, miniatures and the stone carvings that they lay down left behind and have been discovered. Ottoman clothing is the fashion followed and listless by the Ottoman Turks. It changed over time, but it remained as lovely as ever. Even though the women covered themselves with the ferace a black long upper dress like a cardigan wit h full sleeves and no collar before going outside, they were dressed up beneath this layer (Inal 263). They wore the most beautifully do clothes with exquisite jewelry. The styles and designing of the clothes were the same, the class and religious difference only being apparent due to the quality of the cloth used to make their clothes. The complete made their dresses of a fine cloth called barami. Guillaume Postel, a professor, was sent to Istanbul by King Francois the First. He kept a travel log in which he has written The materials used are gold and silver satin, brocade, damask and many kinds of silk. These are the fabrics chosen by the rich and the city aristocrats, the city poor and villagers dress very badly (Ministry of Culture and Tourism). The women, in hopes for making a way for themselves in the Empire, did embroidery. They wove intricate designs and used these cloths as headscarves, etc. They were quite proud of their carriage and wanted to look their best. Later in the period, they started wearing a two-layer long entari, too, which is a gown. They also wore tul, a shawl of velvet around their heads. Even later on in the century, an entari was worn inside beneath a caftan-shaped dress which was short-sleeved (Besse and Morris 176). The basic accessories worn by the Ottoman women were jeweled belts made of gold, crystal, silver, mother-of-pearl or counterbalance ivory. Belt buckles were worn around the waist or at times over the hips. These had floral or geometric designs and were bedecked with gems like diamonds, turquoise, emeralds and others. Beneath it they wore salwar a kind of loose pants (Inal 252). These were mostly made of taffeta. They wore leather shoes which were usually yellow in color, probably because of the gold embroidery (Kia 216) and the toes were quite change and so very tight. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, the wife of the English ambassador to Turkey had this to say about their clothing whilst her stay over there The prim e(prenominal) piece of my dress is a pair of drawers, very full, that reach to my shoes and conceal the legs...They are of a thin rose color damask raised(a) with silver flowers, my shoes of blank kid Leather embroidered with Gold. Over this hangs my Smock of a fine white silk Gause edgd with Embroidery...The Antery is a waistcoat made close to the shape, of white and Gold damask, with very long sleeves....My Caftan of the same stuff with my Drawers is a robe exactly fitted to my shape and reaching my feet... (Kamps and Singh 101) As Muslim women have been advised to cover themselves in front of any male who is not their husband or close relative, the women used to wear veils or, at least, covered their heads. These were made of silk for the summers and of wool, lined with fur for the colder seasons. Over time

REFLECTIVE COMMENTRY- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

REFLECTIVE COMMENTRY- - Essay ExampleAnti-social Behaviour act 2003 was enacted in order to allow enforcement for the Antisocial behaviour order and the Fixed Penalty Notice, the ban of sale of spray pain to under 16s and empower the local councils in removal of graffito from the private property. It to a fault has provisions to deal the truancy, false report for emergency, fireworks, drunkenness and disorder, and related gang activities.Working with other agencies in the society like communal and neighbourhood groups to tackle ASBO issues and work also with the extended policy family to have visible presence in the community to deter and divert crimes.Have go-ahead schedule of licensed premises to ensure crime prevent ant-social behaviour to have proactive visits to the licensed premises in partnership with local practice of law force to provide public reassurancesThe new policy should also ensure that it uses all the available means to reach to the public to ensure that the prob lem of asocial behaviour is address. All the available options including the media and other avenues should be used to reach the public and create awargonness on the antisocial behaviour sand how they are to be avoided.In this incidence, the young man who is involved in the antisocial behaviour exhibit problems of social exclusion and other problems. Although he has social problems he is in a bad company which may be influencing him to engage in crimes. Social exclusion can make individual to start spicy in crimes. According to social labelling theory self-identity and behaviour of an individual is influenced by the way that person is labelled by the society and the way that individual is set forth by the member of the society. Although sub-cultural theory assumer that there are groups or individual in the society that have characters that make them prone to criminal activities, the society also plays big role in constructing the criminal. (Marek 2004, p. 32)Labelling theory

The Cross Elasticity of Demand and Indifference Curve Assignment

The Cross Elasticity of Demand and Indifference Curve - Assignment ExampleIndifference curve depicts equal levels of utility (satisfaction) for a consumer faced with confused combinations of goods. There is no preference for one combination versus another as they render the same amount of satisfaction for the consumer. Consumer theory uses indifference curves and budget constraints to stupefy consumer implore curves. The curves are convex to the origin as a result of diminishing marginal utility.Ans When the price elasticity of demand is less than one, the demand is inelastic. When the demand is inelastic, a given change in price causes a smaller proportionate change in the quantity demanded. Inelastic demand is for things which do not have a close substitute. When a tax is imposed on the product, the consumer bears the burden of the tax. The more inelastic the demand, the greater financial burden of a tax is placed on the consumer. When the demand is perfectly inelastic, the enti re burden of a given tax will be borne by the consumer. Ans In order to maximize profit, a firm would always try to sell more and more defilement permits and avoid buying permits for own, if possible. At the same time, thither will be an effort to improve the efficiency of outturn to reduce taint by less waste generation and yet keeping production cost low. Thus, the total cost of pollution abatement would be influenced by the degree of a transaction of pollution permits. For example, if a firm earns high gross from trading permits, it would not mind spending a part of the profit in reducing waste generation or carrying out better pollution abatement. Since eventually, it is the environmental groups who would be buying more and number of permits from most of the firms, the firms would be forced to generate less and less waste and the overall cost of pollution abatement will go down till an optimal level of pollution abatement is reached.

Organizational Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Theory - Research Paper ExampleThe paper is intended to provide detail descriptions about the competition of presidential term with their competitors for acquiring resources. Lastly the report covers the full description of the nature of organizations and their stages of development.This essay decl atomic number 18s that for managers the importance of resources is to develop, identify and arrange them in such a manner that it brings reach in the competitive market with higher return on capital. Resources comprise of every assets such as capabilities, information, knowledge, attributes of firm, organizational processes and so on. These resources are managed by a firm to conceive as well as apply strategies to stimulate its effectiveness and competence. As resources can be considered as heterogeneous, it varies from organization to organization. Resources are the discernible and in glaring assets of the firms which are being used to implement and develop their strateg ies. Firms have right to use specific resources of a firm as well as country-specific resources. These resources are located in both the firms country of origin and other host countries where it performs the business. Human resources, financial resources and physical resources are fix effort of any organization. Administrative resources provide leadership structures for managing and leading these traditional resources. Political resources are used for government agencies and are typical to ordinary organizations. write up is an important intangible resource. Labor is also a key resource of any organization.... As resources can be considered as heterogeneous, it varies from organization to organization. Resources are the tangible and intangible assets of the firms which are being used to implement and develop their strategies. Firms have right to use specific resources of a firm as well as country-specific resources. These resources are located in both the firms country of origin and other host countries where it performs the business (Rapp & Jackson, 2003). Human resources, financial resources and physical resources are fixed effort of any organization. Administrative resources provide leadership structures for managing and leading these traditional resources. Political resources are used for government agencies and are typical to public organizations. Reputation is an important intangible resource. Labor is also a key resource of any organization (Lee, n.d). 3.0 Impact of the Resources on the Organizational Members A mixture of resources show moderately different impacts on organizational members. Certain resources have positive and major influences on efficiency of organizations members and others embrace detrimental or insignificant relationships against the performance of the organizations members. The organizations resources comprise of human resource, financial resource, physical resource, administrative resource and political resource. All these re sources have greater impact on members of the organization. The human resources of an organization bring better performance and competitive advantage to the organizations members. The proportion of professional employees in the firm is associated with the autonomy in human resource. As a result, professionals in human resources have positive impact on performance of members of

Factors contributing to increase of obesity amongst women population Essay

Factors contributing to add of obesity amongst women population within the United Kingdom - Essay ExampleThis essay Factors contributing to increase of obesity amongst women population within the United Kingdom discusses the problem of the obesity among the women population of the UK. The main factor that is contributing to increase in obesity among women in the UK is poor dietary choices. Women are the leading consumers of foods with high calories and extra carbohydrates that are not utilised by their bodies (Kopelman, Caterson and Dietz, 2010). Eating fast food in restaurants during dejeuner breaks in the takeplace, skipping of breakfast and consuming high-calorie drinks are some unhealthy eating habits that are common amongst women in the United Kingdom (Alters and Schiff, 2013). It is common for women to oversized portions and angelic beverages that contain high levels of carbohydrates and other nutrients that contribute to accumulation of fat in the body. The second leading factor that is contributing to increase in obesity among women in the UK is sedentary lifestyle. Many women in the UK engage in less physically demanding work due to mechanised transport systems and labour-saving technologies in the workplace. In this case, women rarely engage in physical fitness activities such as recycling or walking since they are committed in household duties or corporate work (Cappuccio, 2010). Accordingly, most of the women in the UK prefer relaxing in their houses while watching television, browsing the internet and playing computer games thus leading to excessive calories in the body that are stored as fat.

Business Economics (Principal Agent Theory) Essay

Business Economics (Principal Agent Theory) - Essay ExampleIn fact analysts and the greens people were surprised at the high risk undertaken by such big companies as Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. In fact Bear Stearns Cos. was acquired by JP Morgan Chase & Co despite being the for the largest investment bank at one point of time. Experts have long criticized such lack of foresight in risk taking. hitherto one important factor which are not often brought up in the analyses of this problem is the fee of executives especially those which are incentive based. As canvas by the experts, years before this crisis took place, the executives undertook the long-term economic stability as a gamble to play with and focused more on short-term fiscal gains. (Keller & Stocker, 2008) Understanding this issue might prevent future dangers and thus address the problem of bankruptcy by designing better compensation arrangements. The problem of compensation can be analyzed with the help of illustrating the case of Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns as depicted in the work The Wages of Failure Executive Compensation at Bear Stearns and Lehman 2000-2008 by Lucian A. Bebchuk, Alma Cohen and Holger Spamann in 2010.A panel of business and policy experts resented this lack of focus on long term worth and steadiness and the test on short-term benefits. The National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) suggested that the focus should lie on performance-oriented compensation rather than measuring the performance of the firm based upon germinate prices. However the gap between such compensation and the value added to the American companies began to increase. In 2007 even when the mortgage crisis progressed further, the bonuses of Wall Street was at $33.2 billion, merely 2 percent below the high levels of 2006. The fall of Bear Stearns shows the problems brought about by the inclination towards short-term success. (Keller &

Effects Of Media On The UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Effects Of Media On The UAE - Essay ExampleNow in this era of increasing media penetration how children are brought up is a lot different their childhoods are spend playing with toy guns (no wonder this is where solely the violence stems in) and as they grow up they become cruel offspring men who believe life is nothing but a war zone which can be conquered with their toy guns (Wellisch 2000). Television is that source of the media which affects our society intimately strongly. When I say strongly, I mean it because of a research by Emerson Statistics, 2000, show that on average a person who subscribes to cable in Dubai watches telly more than 6 hours a day Everyone knows of the success story of Dubai it used to be a cede not until long ago, till the Sheikhs invested some silver in developing this city and what you see now is one of the megacities of the world Foreign media played an important change in this development of Dubai from a desert to a city, then a mega city and now eventually a media and fashion hub The effects foreign media has on the UAE are countless. It has changed peoples lifestyle, how to see things, what they area and how they study and even more their aspect towards life Bryant, J., & Thompson, S. (2002). Fundamentals of media effects give this situation An Arab wife, previously she used to sit in the home and settle all the household chores so that when her family came home in the afternoon, they could all spend quality time. As time passed, American television channels opened in UAE and that make the Arab women know about the American culture (where husband and wife both go to work). And now If you see an Arab wife in this era, they dont perceive life as to staying at home and waiting for their family to come back while they settle their chores.

Race, Ethnicity and Slavery in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Race, Ethnicity and Slavery in America - Essay ExampleTakaki argues that multicultural tuition ensures a comprehensive realiseing of American History (Takaki, 34). This is important in situations involving Americans going to work in opposite countries as it helps them identify well and understand those cultures. It is of critical importance to highlight that both the two authors concur that ethnicity and racism bring about several departures. These may be in form of conflict of perception, opinions, and inclusion within the society. This may disrupt quiescence enjoyed within that society. mob and Heather Olson Beal concur that the issue of racism leads to erosion of the culture of a state and conflicts (Olson & Beal, 10). These authors also concur that the issue of ethnicity may cause unnecessary discrimination on people. This may make some people land jobs whereas pr in timeting others from securing such jobs. James and Heather Olson Beal argue that the issue of ethnicity i s a monster to national development as is associated with inequality amongst individuals. As such, this may at times disrupt the peace of the society as it can cause several conflicts (Olson & Beal, 11). However, America being a culturally endowed nation has the moral responsibility to ensure that its stallion people are considered one. It aims at unifying the different races and ethnic groups so that they can effectively coexist and share the different skills, expertise, talents, and capabilities towards a common goal. However, even though these authors perceive race and ethnicity in a negative perception, there are some advantages associated with different races and ethnic groups culmination together (Takaki, 34). Circumstances involving coming together of different races and ethnic groups may ensure poor people from one race being encouraged by other prominent persons from other races, thus, promoting development. The spirit of inclusion through multicultural education also lea ds to a feeling of unity and promote peace (Takaki, 48). Being an American entails a lot. whiz must be able to understand that America is composed of several races and ethnic groups. Since these people have different cultural beliefs, traditions, and customs, there is a assume to provide a harmonious ground that can suit all these people, with all their cultural diversities. This is crucial in ensuring development in several sectors on several perspectives in America. The issue of different races and ethnic communities residing in America is quite advantageous since it brings a sense of development with regard to various expertise, experiences, talents, and skills from the different ethnic groups. Therefore, promotion of unity and peace in America more so, through the American national anthem is core towards harvesting all these advantages associated with diverse cultures. It is of critical significance to note that race and ethnicity have played major roles in the history of Amer ica. In order to fully expound on this matter, it is crucial enough to understand the meanings of these two terms race and ethnicity. The term race refers to the biological differences that distinguish a group of people concerning their physiology. Race may bind to the distinction in skin color, color of hair and facial features. However, on the other hand, ethnicity refers to the distinction of individuals concerning their culture, beliefs, and traditions.

8_Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Research Plan Paper

8_Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Plan - Research Paper Examples are both the librarians and the depository subroutine library users, meaning that the study does not seek to obtain a exemplar from an unknown general population, which would in turn require that the sample is generalized to hold still for the entire population (McCabe, 2005).While the challenges facing support and sustainability of library service is a common challenge for different libraries in different states, each library has its own unique challenges, which may not be generalized. Therefore, the aim of the study is not to obtain a representative sample of the population, but a sample that is unique to the Clayton County Library System (CCLS), in terms of exposure, usage and experiences. This is because it is only such a sample that would be in a position to occur both comprehensive and reliable information regarding the library. Thus, instead of seeking to have a sample population that can be inferred to represent the general population, the principal(prenominal) target of the study is to delve into the intricacies of the experiences of the librarians and the library users, as a means of reaching an informed conclusion regarding the sustainability of Clayton County Library, so that a diversified structure of funding can then be recommended, based on this information. Therefore, since the study is neither seeking a representative sample nor targeting generalization, the application of the purposive sampling dodging under non-probability sampling method is recommended for the study.The selection of a representative sample for this study is important, to ensure that the information gathered through the interviewing process is not biased. However, this is a secondary requirement as far as this study is concerned, considering that the main objective of the case study is to obtain as detailed information as possible, regarding the experiences of both the librarians and th e library users. Obtaining experiences does not pose any major risk of biases, considering that sensitive information regarding the

Assembly operation Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assembly operation Assessment - Assignment ExampleFurther, it is imperative to note that in the contemporary business marketplace, bleak opportunities keep unveiling and new managers, equipped with different ideas, take over organizations that are also on the learning path. Therefore, the sufficient alignment of the organizational operations and managerial capabilities with the emerging forces seems to be the only way for organizations to optimize value from their operational endeavors. This paper seeks to assess the assembly operations of a digital camera company in take down of its operational excellence and performance. Further, the paper will suggest necessary corrective actions in a bid to revise and properly align strategic goals towards the general aims of the organization. As a conventional rule, the assembly operational capability of any firm in the digital camera industry should first and foremost line up to the rating requirements of the regulatory authority within the industry. Further, the company should also seek to strategically place itself in a better competitive quarter in relation to the production and assembly costs, quality of the cameras and the overall satisfaction of the ever changing customer needs. Organizations must further seek to provide responsive products and go that aim to fit in the changing consumption trends but which are also enabling the clients to optimize value of their expenditure. Thompson et al (2009), observes that in addition to death penalty strategic goals that aim to address all the competitive factors affecting the organizational market share, companies in the digital camera industry must be tack to assess their strategic options and make appropriate changes and corrections where necessary so as to sustain growth and development while satisfying the increasing demands of the customers (Thompson et al, 2009). From the judicial decision templates, it is spare that if the company continues with the current s trategic policies without amendments, the overall cumulative unit book of cameras that it will assemble in the tenth year will be significantly below the desired quantity. This is in reference to the previous and current assembly capabilities. This is because the company is only able to produce cumulative unit volume of 1024 at the end of the fifth year, while the previous highest achieved volume is 917. However, the gap between the highest previously achieved and the cumulative unit volumes reduce significantly in the six year as is between 1045 and 1024. Further, the difference spreads to the negative in the projected year 10, when the company produces less than the highest achieved in the previous years. The trend is also evident from the results of the unit assembly that the company does entirely on in-house basis. The units increase to 1024 in the year 6 up from 917 in the year 5. However, the increase is not fit between the years 6 and 10 respectively and the company must ass ess the reasons behind the marginal decrease and implement mitigating operational approaches to help tho the situation (Thompson et al, 2009). Moreover, the significant reduction in the number of overtime

Financial strain in the family Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial strain in the family - Assignment Examplestanding of family resources makes the parties conscious(predicate) of the strain hence they try to support each other in order to work out the daily problems that may arise.The book also discusses a vital aspect that is considered a link to a happy marriage. This aspect is known as the gender wage gap. Studies stir revealed that, in every family, the cardinal spouses be likely to be earning salaries, but 1 of them is most likely to earn more than the other. In a case where the earnings of the two have a wide gap marriage is bound to have troubles (Degenova et al., 2010). However, if the gender wage gap can be narrowed such that no society complains or seems ignored a family is bound to be happy. Therefore, the gender wage gap should be made slim such that the difference cannot be noticed.Lastly, debts are essential in marriage since it trains partners on trustworthiness. For a family to live in peace both parties should be tru stworthy. Trustworthiness also applies to paying out debts since ones honesty and trust is always considered before being given debts. Therefore, the two aspects (trust and honesty) are also essential for a family to be

Crashes in Oregon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Crashes in Oregon - Essay ExampleOutside areas of this urban-rural boundary were shared into further boundaries of 2.5 miles. An intersection tool in ArcMap was used to locate crashes within these areas. By using R studio software, avenue accidents in Oregon were sort out into sinisterity crashes, serious injury crashes (Injury Type A), non-fatal crashes and PDO (Property damaged only) crashes. By using the MOR method, this research essay found that the total number of crashes that were recorded were 49790. The number of fatal crashes was 305 while non-fatal crashes were 24455 and while 25030 crashes resulted in PDO, and 1432 crashes resulted in serious injuries. A rise in the percentage of crashes has been observed in crashes involving the use of alcohol, unbelted occupants, during weekends, during nighttime and on interstate highways. Crashes involving the use of alcohol have shown a rise in the range 20% -28% from the year 2006 to 2012 for all zones. Thus, it is essential to e stablish safety-associated outlays and shoulder widening, qualification suitable alterations to the existing vertical and horizontal curves, the introduction of median treatments and to introduce the resurfacing will go long way in reducing the number of road accidents in the Oregon rural roads.Road traffic crashes are typical incidents that take place on the road. These involve vehicles and result in harm to mountain and property in form of casualties, injuries, and damage to vehicle and damage to nearby properties. Broadly speaking, the damages of road crashes are divided into two categories human and pecuniary damages. The first ever fatal traffic crash recorded in the history of the world took place in the UK in the year 1896, after the accident, the so British Secretary of Transport stated that never should we allow this to happen again (Balogun, 2007).

Construction law cases Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Construction law cases - Case Study ExampleThe asseverator could have beged for Request For Information on the matter.A consultant engineer entered into a contract with City of San Marcos. A written consent was required to any modification from the node to avower. A request was orally make in modification of scope of work which is in contrast to the contractor. The charter of the city allowed oral contracts to contractors possessing requisite authority. The agreement between the client and contractor in this case reveals that the contractor possessed requisite authority. Any modification in the scope of work was hold fast be in in writing or verbal. The consultant is therefore obliged to carry out the scope of work and claim for stipend upon completion.The contractor subcontracted part of the work. The contractor made oral request to the sub contractor who claimed for compensation. Communication in execution of work must always be in writing. If the subcontractor executed wor k that was orally communicated by the contractor, the contractor is not obliged to any claim. This is because it was a non approved mode of communication according to the tender document. Secondly, the subcontractor cannot claim for any payment from the client because the contract is binding between the client and the general contractor.In this case, the subcontractor claims a breach of contractor by the general contractor for not paying him upon completion of work. The general contractor claimed that he had not received payments from the client for the work executed by the subcontractor. According to the Paid if Paid clause, the subcontractor does not have any link with the client and the contractor has no right to withholds payments to the subcontractor. This is exceptional for a case where the contractor indicated in the contract document that sub contractor will receive payment after payment has been made to the contractor by the client. However, the contractor should not more t han what the client owns

Marketing home work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing home work - Essay ExampleIn a highly competitive environment of cut throat business, creating and tutelage customers therefore becomes vital ingredient of the market strategy of the firms.Saxonville Sausages is a prime example of how brand strategies were used to position their product in the market. They had targeted family and homemakers who relished home cooked food. The advertisements showed women victimisation Saxonville sausages to make different dishes and enjoying it with family. Thus it was able to create a niche market position. Through right positioning, it was able to revive its declining profits (Mullins & Walker, 2009).Mountain composition brewery case, on the other hand emphasizes the need for new product to meet the challenges of time. Mountain Man is established brand of lager with regional specialty that generally caters to the niche market of coal miners. Its brand equity is associated with long history of coal mining and has a loyal customer base whi ch now is ancient populace. The new light beer would meet the tastes of young generation but fears that it could threaten its brand equity. But this is a risk which the firm must take to hold on its competitive advantage in the industry.Market research is intrinsic part of business strategy that is used to identify and analyze ever-changing customers indispensabilitys which the firms meet by means of new product development or value addition (Vandermerwe, 2004 McKenna, 1991). The buying behavior and surveys are important tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis that help deintify the changing trend of the consumers. For example, qualitative study would show that coke is a favorite drink but diet coke is preferred more because of its low calorie. On the other hand, quantitative research would indicate that coke is more popular than Pepsi. Various firms like Redbull, Reebok, Nike have used market research to identify their requirement that was used for new product

Psychoanalytic Perspectives of the Oedipus Mythology Essay Example for Free

Psychoanalytic Perspectives of the Oedipus Mythology EssayPatricide and incest recoil the thesis and message that Sophocles began with the creation of Oedipus the King. In the plays that followed, Oedipus at Colonus and Antig wholeness, Sophocles expounded upon what would make up one of the most muddy arcetypes in psychoanalysis. To best interpret the Oedipus trilogy, a look will be interpreted into the construction of the plays themselves, followed by an interpretation of the plays parallels and the rise of the Oedipus abstruse found upon a psychoanalytic perspective.To begin with, Sophocles wrote what became known as the Oedipus trilogy over a period of more than forty years which indicates the profound concentration that he plainly had in the Oedipus saga. Each play is a self-contained chronicle representing his dramatic ascendant of buyback from the sin of patricide and incest, and yet, the arch amidst the troika Theban plays highlights the message that Sophocles refused to relieve himself from, and which consumed nearly his entire life.While this may seem of little importance to reading the Oedipus trilogy itself, Sophocles did not write them in the order represented in nearly every anthology. As David Grene notes, as far as the legend is concerned, the story runs in sequence Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone (p. i). Their order of conception, instead, went Antigone, Oedipus the King, and thus Oedipus at Colonus (p. i), which presents a few inaccuracies within the story itself (mainly with the typesetters case and actions of Creon, Jocastas brother).From this birth order, the series, therefore, cannot feature formed a true or literal trilogybeyond the fact that individually of the three plays deals with the situation in the Oedipodean family history, there is no unity of theme or treatment between them (Watling). Moreover, except for the obvious links of fact connecting them, all(prenominal) constitutes a fresh approach to a distinct and self-contained fuss (13).Roughly, this means that while most anthologies present the three Theban plays in a chronological order for the character Oedipus, the fact remains that each could be read without knowledge of the others and the same theme and message would be receivedwhich, based upon Sophocles life-long obsession with the story, must have been his furtherification for the story that kept evolving. The reasoning pot the order and placement of the plays within anthologies is sound, however, because, while the stories may be self-contained, the arch of Oedipus is the link that literally turns the plays into a trilogy.In Oedipus the King, Oedipus, as prophecy had predicted, kills his begetter, King Laius, and marries his mother, Queen Jocasta, bearing at least four infantren in the process who, in the play Antigone, are revealed as Antigone, Ismene, Eteocles, and Polyneices. After learning of his horrible actions, Oedipus exiles himself as he had proclai med would be the fate of the brute capable of murdering King Laius, and after blinds himself in the hopes of finding redemption for his inexcusable sins. While Oedipus at Colonus is the second play in the anthologies, it is the literal ending for Oedipus.He is taken to the city of Colonus by his loving daughters, Antigone and Ismene, because, as he had learned from the oracle in Oedipus the King, he was meant to find his final resting place there. Moments before his end, Oedipus realizes that his sins of patricide and incest werent truly sinful because he committed the acts out of ignorance alone, and it is in this moment, and despite everything he has faced in his quest for redemption that Zeus absolves Oedipus of his sins and he passes, with peace, into the afterlife.In Antigone, Oedipus is little more than a plot reference to get the play started. His only mention is in the opening lines and is that, following his self-imposed exile from the city of Thebes in Oedipus the King, Oe dipus had made a prediction that his sons would be arrogant enough to fight over his throne and kill each other. Thus the play begins with the deaths of Eteocles and Polyneices. The play itself follows the actions of Antigone and her husband Creon, who is the cause for a good deal speculation from most scholars due to his not-so advanced age.As the timeline goes, Creon is Jocastas brother and would have been Oedipus senior by patchy years or, at the very least, would have been as old as Oedipus himself. As Antigone is Oedipus daughter, and Creon is said to be a vigorous middle-aged father of a youthful son (Watling, 13), scholars debate as to the accuracy of Sophocles character creation and question as to his motives in retelling the story in as many forms as he did, with an outstanding flaw.Creons strife notwithstanding, it is the minor and insignificant role of Oedipus in the play Antigone that marks the main reason that most anthologies place Antigone last in the order of the Oedipus mythology, sluice though the timeline would, as Sophocles thought in writing them, place Oedipus at Colonus last, due to the plays depiction of the last days of Oedipus life. This, in itself, is significant in understanding the psychological aspects of the Oedipus trilogy.Now, while readers will never know the true marrow behind the order of the Oedipus mythology, the fact remains that Sophocles wrote within an archetype and character arch with the intentions of presenting his dramatic themeand it took three tries to get it out as he desired. What he created, however, demonstrates a truth intimately the self-discovery of the individual and the alley to redemption that marks a significant aspect of the growth of the human being.To best define this journey, a psychoanalytic perspective will now be taken into Sophocles main theme and message. From an analysis of his work, Sophocles shares a concern with finding truth in a world of appearances and is influenced, even if ind irectly, by the new theories about language the problem of the relation of words to reality, and the power of words to deceive, to win unjust causes, and to confuse moral issues (Segal, 7).More, the plays are almost certainly a response to events of his period. An unexpected, supernatural-seeming disaster all of a sudden sweeps away brilliant hopes confidence in human reason and calculation is shattered, and greatness swiftly turns into misery (9). Sophocles saw the rise and fall of powerful nations, and it makes consciousness that he would take what he had seen and created his rendition of events that had transpired in a literary form that he could show the world.And it is from this basis that scholars have debated over the purpose and parallels behind the two main cities present within the plays of Sophocles. Often, the city of capital of Greece is compared to a mans family relationship with himself, whereas the city of Thebes represents the conflict between man and his father. Indeed, the determine of Oedipus is a distillation of Athens at the height of its power, energy, daring, intellectual curiosity, and confidence in human reason (Segal, 11).As the historical context of the city of Athens was surely an influence in Sophocles making of the Oedipus trilogy, a direct parallel from the destruction of Athens to the destruction of Oedipus the powerful leader can be drawn. More, it is even possible that Oedipus search for who he really is reflects something of a communal identity crisis in a city that had undergone a massive transformation in a short time and had refashioned itself from a rather quiet, traditional aristocracy and tyranny in the sixth century into a radical, intellectualized democracy and a powerful empire (Segal, 11).This parallel, of Oedipus to the grand city of Athens, does much to lend weight to Sophocles theme of wad and the gods marking a path for man. For, as Athens rose in power, so too, it fell because it committed sins and transg ressions to great to find redemption from along the way. As for the city of Thebes, there lies a direct correlation to Sigmund Freuds theory of conflict between man and his father which represents a direct parallel to Oedipus exile from the city of his king-making.Freud suggested that the play fascinates us so muchnot because it dramatizes the contrast between tidy sum and human will, only when because there must be something which makes a voice within us ready to recognize the compelling force of destiny (Segal, 59). From this theory, Freud defined that the destiny is the universal necessity to which all of us (or at least all males) are subjectnamely, the wishes that remain from our buried animal temperament to kill the father and possess the mother (59).And it is this destiny upon which Sophocles created his foundation and archetype. As a basis for his theory, Freud determined that the oracle was a direct parallel to the subconscious mind mind, citing that this disguising of Oedipus unconscious desires in the form of an oracle from the gods not only lets the unconscious become visible but also accounts for the feeling of guilt that we have about these unconscious desires, even though we are not guilty of any crime (Segal 59-60).Even more, Freud speculated that Oedipus eagerness to punish himself, with no attempt at self-defense, corresponds to the intimate conviction of guilt that stems from these unconscious desires (60). Because Oedipus immediately set out to punish himself and find redemption for his actions, despite the fact that he did them in ignorance, then, suggests that in his subconscious, Oedipus did so have desires to kill his father and physically and sexually possess his mother.For, as Freud theorized, in his actions following his revelation, Oedipus confessed his own guilt. If, perhaps, Oedipus had sought to defend himself on the basis that he didnt know his father and certainly had no affections for his mother, having grown up the adop tive son of another, the theme may then have been interpreted differently. However, as Freud was so certain, there is much to be said about the actions of Oedipus in correlation to the guilt he felt.The subconscious mind had a profound encroachment on Oedipus, even though he knew nothing of the birth parents he was prophesized to destroy. For Freud, the archetypal constructs of the Oedipus mythology was so absolute that he dubbed it the Oedipus Complexwhich denotes each persons attitudes and behavior in his or her most intimate family relationships, especially to mother and fatherand, to mature into a normal adult, the child must somehow come to term with the residue of repressed infantile hatred and desire for his or her parents (Segal, 60).The Oedipus Complex, in modern psychology, is applied to the study of actions in relation to the subconscious desires that exist in every child. Even more, Freuds theory has become common in the vernacular of psychology to the extent that scho lars use the term, perhaps, without even grasping the full meaning behind the cleverly, yet aptly, named psychosis. The Oedipus Complex is based upon two main ideals that of the matriarchal relationship to the child and the patriarchal relationship. The two are separated by this relationship and define the growth and development of the child.Moreover, matriarchal culture is characterized by the emphasis on ties of blood, ties to the soil and the passive acceptance of all natural phenomenawhile a patriarchal nine in contrast is characterized by respect for man-made law, by the predominance of rational thought and by the effort to change natural phenomena by man (Armens, viii). To better define the difference, in the matriarchal concept all men are equal since they are all the children of mothers and each one a child of Mother Earth.A mother loves her children all alike and without (limiting) conditionsthe aim of life is the happiness of man and there is nothing more important or ho nour than human existence and life (viii). In this, to draw a parallel back to Oedipus, the child has (whether he realizes or understands it) a desire to be with the cleaning lady who created him because of her earth-mother nature. The desire of every man is to be with a woman who understands everything and will love unconditionallyand that figure, from the start of life, happens to be the mother.However, the patriarchal system, on the other hand, recognizes esteem to authority as its main virtue. The principle of equality is replaced by a hierarchical order in society and state, ruled by an authority just as the family is dominated by the father (Armens, viii). It is because of this very concept that boys contain within them (whether known to the conscious mind or not) the desire to overthrow their father and become the leader of the hierarchy. More, men, by their very nature, contain the desire to become like their fathers, to achieve the power that they may possess, to be the bi ggest, strongest, fastest titan in the industry.With a full understanding of the Oedipus Complex, a final parallel can be drawn to the path of self-discovery that Oedipus entire life is consumed with. As Sophocles had directed, Oedipus dramatizes the lonely path of self-discovery (Segal, 13). And it is in this path that the true nature of Oedipus is revealed. For, the path that he must take is a perilous expedition, not only through the ascent of age, but in the self discovery that every man must achieve to live a fulfilling and successful life. However, it is on this path that Oedipus also meets the very destiny that his parents had hoped to terminate with their preemptive strike.In this, Oedipus is the paradoxical combination of knowledge, power, and weakness (13). He is strong as a king and husband, yet, when he learns the truth of his actions, he crumbles into a despair so deep that it consumes his entire lifeand it isnt a short one. Unequivocally, Sophocles began his thesis wit h the creation of Oedipus the King and introduced what would become one of the most profound archetypes in psychoanalysis. Throughout the trilogy, the archetypes that Sophocles presents become a profound meditation on the questions of guilt and responsibility, the order (or disorder) of our world, and the nature of man (Segal, 12).More, the play stands with the Book of Job, Hamlet, and King Lear as one of Western literatures most searching examinations of the problem of suffering (12). In looking at the events that transpired throughout the three Theban plays, Sophocles main theme that, in any life, destiny and fate will create a mans destiny more, the gods have the divine right to tamper with a mans destiny in the hopes that he will, one day, find redemption from his sins, is rendered by the Oedipus arch throughout the plays.Overall, the three Theban plays, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone, form the trilogy that founded the most profound archetype in literature an d psychoanalysis. Sophocles created the character of Oedipus to highlight his theme of self-discovery and the path to redemption, making it clear that Oedipus, despite his ignorance, would repent until his final moments for his unforgivable sins. However, it is in those final moments that Oedipus finds true absolution and redemption for the subconscious guilt that placed the fantasy of patricide and incest into his desires.And, based upon a psychoanalytic perspective, the theory behind the Oedipus Complex renders the message and main theme of Sophocles Oedipus mythology. Works Cited. Armens, Sven. Archetypes of the Family in Literature. Seattle University of Washington, 1966. Grene, David and Richmond Lattimore, Trns. The Complete Greek Tragedies, Vol II, Sophocles. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1959. Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Watling, E. F. , Trns. The Theban Plays. Maryland Penguin Books, 1 947.

Financing SME Essay Example for Free

Financing SME EssayThe definition of Small Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) varies from country to country. The classification can be based on the firms assets, number of employees, or annual turnover along with the loan amount. Central Bank of Sri Lanka defines SMEs as enterprises with less than Rs. 600 million turnover per annum and with a maximum characterization of Rs. 200 million mainly to be classified as a SME for Basel II Capital adequacy calculation and utilization of funds accumulated in the Investment Fund Account in Banks. Whatever the definition, and regardless of the size of the economy, the growth of SMEs finishedout the region is crucial to growth of respective economies. Because, SMEs play a critical and definitive role in providing job opportunities, enhancing the quality of human resources, maximizing the use of local resources, saving foreign exchange, nurturing a culture of entrepreneurship, encourage creativity and opening up new bank line opportunities etc. some corporate organizations in Sri Lanka or elsewhere ar the establishments started as SMEs in its proterozoic stages.Classic examples from our own country may be Nawaloka Group, Access International, Softlogic Group of companies. In just about literature, it is mentioned that access to support has been recognized as a major(ip) impediment for mevery SMEs and its growth, whereas corporate business entities stick out the advantage over the SMEs in doing so primarily as a result of their formalization. However, according to Juliet Mckee and Kimball Dietrich (2003), most common problems for SMEs are the lack of access to market randomness and technology, the low quality of human resources and the lack of access to capital.Despite efforts by monetary institutions and public-sector bodies to reason funding gaps, SMEs continue to experience troublesomey in obtaining happen capital. These funding gaps relate to firm size, risk, knowledge, and flexibility. The victimizati on literature focus a good push-down stack of attention on issues faced by SMEs in accessing finance. Traditionally, the focus is on obstacles created by fiscal institutions, mainly by commercial deposits or on imperfections in the broader institutional environment.However, SMEs also make decisions about financing and display attitudes that withdraw an important bearing on financing decisions. Therefore, constraints may also appear on the demand side of the financing market. Objective of this article is to discuss the key challenges and issues for bankers pertaining to SME loaning, of which, part of them are inherent in SMEs and for others bankers are responsible. 1. Issues of SMEs 1. 1 Lack of financial literacy or weak financial literacyIn the literature, lack of financial literacy is designated as informational asymmetries where SMEs typically posses privileged information on their business that cannot be easily accessed or cannot be accessed at all by lenders or outsiders. R easons for this may vary and also have different perspectives. SMEs are mainly driven by entrepreneurs who have nurtured in their own ways to prospective SMEs. As a result of hard ways of development, they either had no time to devote further training or do not believe in learning.This is evident from the denotation applications that are submitted to banks for financing. This level offtually leads to low levels of financial literacy among entrepreneurs. pecuniary literacy is the ability to perceive how specie works in the world how someone manages to earn or make it, how that person manages it, how he/she invests it (turn it into more) and how that person donates it to help others. More specifically, it refers to the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individualist to make informed and effective decisions with all of their financial resource.Though some(prenominal) SME owners are sound in developing business models and working out the positivity of products and fun ction, understanding about the macro picture of the SMEs overall financial standing in terms of increase and loss account, balance sheet and interchange lams is week. As a result, they some generation opt to resort to outsiders or merely depend on themselves in preparation of financial information which may or may not reflect the actual picture of the SMEs. Because of this impediment, banks have no choice, but to depend on collateral for SME financing.At the backdrop cash track down lending is encouraged, financial institutions are struggling to project the SMEs sustainable bankability. This is recognized as the main obstacle for banks and financial institutions in financing SMEs. One of the options to echo this impediment is the concept of Para accountant. A Para accountant is an external consultant who uses finance, economics, risk management and technology skills to help organizations prepare and extend financial and tax statements according to accounting principles and reg ulatory requirements.A Para accountant also may review a firms internal controls, processes and procedures to ensure that such controls are adequate. A Para accountant may work on a clients site or remotely. They are not necessarily qualified accountants, however, energy be an option. Bankers prime objective in this endeavor is to develop reliable sources of information so that they could project the sustainable cash flows of the business.With this objective banks could train their citation appraisal officers as Para Accountants, who will interacts with prospective SMEs and develop a set of financial information while strengthening the banking relationship over a period of time. 1. 2 Entrepreneurs knowledge about building a prospective banking relationship A banking relationship is about much more than just selecting a bank to handle a companys bank accounts. If the relationship is managed well, it can help a company to thrive. SMEs that use more than one bank will need to manage multiple banking relationships.A company will first have a business account (or several) at a sell bank (or banks) for all day-to-day financial transactions. Whether it is retail, SME or corporate, the banks should have a team of business banking advisers on hand, to advise and guide a company. Its important to ensure continuity banks usually offer a contact with a designated person and in turn expect to deal with the same person or persons from the company. A good banking relationship depends not only on personalized rapport, but also by having a solid understanding of the company and its financial inevitably.Over time, a banking adviser should build up a good understanding of the companys preferred ways of doing business and incorporate that into how their banking requirements are handled. There are many advantages having a sound banking relationship for SMEs. The bank is more likely to offer loans and other lines of extension, potentially at preferential rate of interest, if the bank advisers feel there is a good relationship with the company. The banks advice can be tailored for the companys needs and personal style, rather than given generically.In times of crisis, a company having its banks support will be crucial. Even if a company is a text-book case of insolvency, strong personal rapport with a company representative means that the bank is more likely to offer leeway if it knows that directors are doing their utmost(a) to keep the company going. Failure to develop a strong relationship, however, means that the SME is likely to miss out on good advice and, crucially, support in times of seriousy. However, unfortunately, many SMEs are not on the right track to understand the importance of having a good banking relationship.Given that no sound financial information are available, at least, SMEs should try to maintain a healthy customer relationship with the financial institution to entice financial needs, especially in difficult periods. It is bot h Bankers and SMEs responsibility of developing a prospective banking relationship over a period of time without compromising risk capital. More than the credit facilities, credit plus would be reasonably appropriate to start such a relationship and then move into advanced levels of relationships along with credit facilities. 1. 3 Financial discipline of entrepreneursAs Henry Ford correctly cited, Wealth does not come accidently. You have to plan for it. Ones discipline explains the right sort and ability to take decisions without emotions. Hence, financial discipline is all about right financial decisions. In order to be financially discipline one should understand concepts of accounting and financial management in SME business. Accounting in general is all about record keeping and developing summary financial reports. Most commonly available financial reports or information are the profit and loss account, balance sheet and the cash flow statement.Unless SMEs keep records of the ir daily activities, it is difficult to develop financial statements with regard to their businesses. With no financial statements, SMEs will always struggle in making financial decisions. More often, there is no pull ahead distinction between the business finance and the finances of the proprietor. Therefore, it is critical that the lender examines carefully borrowers all commitments, i. e. , those related directly to the business and those associated with the proprietors private life and assets. Lack of Business Planning is a result of weakfinancial indiscipline in SMEs where investment decisions, working capital decisions, even pricing decisions are based on the entrepreneurs values than on facts. The lack of proper financial discipline results in incorrect business decisions, which hampers the sustainability of the SMEs. MacRobert (2002), in his SME manual explains why SME borrowers are different to commercial and corporate borrowers. One of the common reasons is unskilled/ un trained principals. Many SME principals in the Asia-Pacific region are self-starters, often with restrain formal education, and minimal training in business management skills.That is not to say that they are incompetent, but that they often lack the capacity to research information on ways to strengthen their businesses, and, indeed, to be aware that such resources even exists. Role of the bankers in this regard is to educate the importance of financial discipline through strong banking relationships. Bankers are one of the key sources, to get SMEs to believe in financial discipline. Bank officers should take the initiatives in this endeavor to educate the SME owners. Role of the political relation is also a key imperative in developing required conducive environment through institutional and indemnity frameworks.Some universities in Sri Lanka have already started dedicated departments to teach courses related entrepreneurship. (Example University of Sri Jayewardenepura and Unive rsity of Colombo) and It is important to note that Business studies is part of the GCE A/L curriculum. Recent budget proposals in 2011, 2012 and 2013 has given teeming support to encourage SMEs and SME financing and one of the very useful proposals was to direct government banks to set up dedicated SME Branches not only to facilitate SMEs with clear access to finance, but also to educate SME owners and to guide and direct them to right places and people.However, strengthening the institutional framework to develop business development support services is also an imperative. 2. Issues with Banks SMEs are not only critical to the economy, but also to the banks profitability. Most diversified banks maintain a substantial percentage of exposure to the SMEs as a strategic investment given the diversity within the SME portfolio itself. It is always profitable, but need to properly evaluate and closely monitor the delinquencies to avoid any credit risks.It is a perception as well as a fa ct sometimes, that SMEs are always highly risky as explained by many banks. It may be due to several factors including, non availability of financial information, no tax returns, no collateral, one man show, highly sensitive to economic conditions, no proper organizational structure, and many more. These are reasons given to avoid or very nonprogressive underwriting of SME credit proposals. As a result of these reasons, credit policies of financial institutions are based on stringent credit guidelines. 2.Institutional framework with hindering process issues In the case of many developing countries, the above mentioned obstacles to SME financing are exacerbated by institutional and process factors. Most developing countries are still highly concentrated and have uncompetitive banking sectors. This reinforces the tendency to adopt conservative lending policies. Credit policies which mainly cover the credit risk and market risk, endorse a processes which covers many elements to secure exposure, while satisfying the regulators requirements.This eventually results in a value driven Credit culture in financial institutions. According to MacDonald and Timothy (2006), managements credit policy determines how much risk the bank will take and in what form. A banks credit culture refers to the fundamental principles that drive lending action mechanism and how management analyzes risk. There can be large differences in their lending philosophy. The three potentially different credit cultures are values driven, current profit driven, and market share driven.The institutional framework is reflected through the credit policy in this part of the world, the tendency is to inculcate a value driven credit culture, which has the following attributes Focus is on credit quality with strong risk management systems and controls Primary emphasis is on banks soundness and perceptual constancy and a consistent market presence Underwriting is conservative and significant loan concentr ations are not allowed.Typical outcome is lower current profits from loans with less loan losses It is evident with lower non- performing ratios prevailing in banks justifies that credit risk is covered with loan risk mitigation factors and discourage granting ship capital to SMEs. Eventually, SMEs need to resort to acceptable securities which hinders them from easy access to finance from financial institutions. 2. 2 Collateral syndrome (Risk avert) Strong value driven credit cultures in financial institutions always tighten the belts in covering credit risk. Unless the financial institutions develop competencies in cash flow based lending, credit officers have no choice but to cover themselves with collateral in risky SME lending. Competencies itself will not drive the business unless the risky lending is rewarded with challenging business targets. shelter based lending propositions are gradually becoming unhealthy for economies as it discourages strategically important investmen t decisions. Government of Sri Lanka recently enacted legislations to ease the pressure on SMEs through amendment of Parate execution where normal civil procedure of debt recovery should be applied for loans below Rs. five million with security of property mortgages. 2. 3 shadowy competency in building cash flow based lending propositions Strong value based credit policies encourage security oriented lending and creates knowledge gaps in credit officers. Security oriented lending does not require strict cash flow projections and credit evaluations.Developing cash flow projections is an art and requires overall knowledge about the industry, technology, external factors (external climate) and specific firms (internal climate) along with econometrics modeling to analyze the cash flows. When it comes to large projects, knowledge in project appraisals and risk analysis will help the credit officers to get exposed to project financing. At the backdrop of investor confidence and developin g businesses in emerging economies, venturing into risky business propositions is in the agenda of the banking and financial intuitions. Financing SMEs are risky but at the same time profitable, so indeed banks need to develop how outstrip they could mitigate the risk of these ventures. One of the options is to gradually develop a culture of SME financing with confidence through development of competencies in their credit officers.Competency development not only addresses econometric techniques of analyzing and evaluating the credit proposals, but also industry knowledge and exposure, experiences of sick industries and business units, world politics and world economics, knowledge in emerging markets and technologies, behaviors and issues of labor, understanding the entrepreneurship etc. Conclusion Many of the literature examine the issues of financing SMEs world over. However, there are key issues not only from the SMEs extremum of view, but also from the financial institutions an d, governments point of views. No one can expect the SMEs to nurture in best practices all by themselves. In this regard, the role of financial intuitions is greater, when it comes to inculcate and nurture SMEs in the right directions. The issues for SME financing discussed above are the keys, but there are many others which needs further discussions.